Modernism – the shock of the new
Post modernism
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION – ANDREW MARR
- Locomotion
- Railways (transportation) ßstream engines (mechanism, automation) àused in factories (textiles)
- Connect places
- Work in factories whole day
New enginesànew society ßchanges (social development)
- Politically reformed
- Fastest social transformation
- Country sides àurban factories
- 1860àcoal, iron industries
Mid 18thcentury – 20thcentury
- Industries
- Transportation
- Distribution of ideas
- New technologies produce new technologies
Late 19th- early 20th
- Fully established of European and Western technology
MODERNISM
- All about technologies, not craft
- Technologically, socially and politically acceleration of technological development
- Industrialization
- Rise in science àgoes hand in hand with religion
- Mass manufacture, distribution
- Concentrated populationàcities (factories)
- Development of trade and capitalism (economic)
- Colonization
- Role of science and technology
- Urbanization
- Secularizationàreduction of power of the church (religion) àrationality, belief in human perfectibility
- From religion to science
- Mass media
- Division of labor 23OCT2018
Modernism – the shock of the new
Post modernism
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION – ANDREW MARR
- Locomotion
- Railways (transportation) ßstream engines (mechanism, automation) àused in factories (textiles)
- Connect places
- Work in factories whole day
New engines ànew society ßchanges (social development)
- Politically reformed
- Fastest social transformation
- Country sides àurban factories
- 1860 àcoal, iron industries
Mid 18thcentury – 20thcentury
- Industries
- Transportation
- Distribution of ideas
- New technologies produce new technologies
Late 19th- early 20th
- Fully established of European and Western technology
MODERNISM
- All about technologies, not craft
- Technologically, socially and politically acceleration of technological development
- Industrialization
- Rise in science àgoes hand in hand with religion
- Mass manufacture, distribution
- Concentrated populationàcities (factories)
- Development of trade and capitalism (economic)
- Colonization
- Role of science and technology
- Urbanization
- Secularization àreduction of power of the church (religion) àrationality, belief in human perfectibility
- From religion to science
- Mass media
- Division of labor
- Mass consumption
àcheaper mass produced objects àaffordable
Eg. Eiffel Tower
- Build by engineer, not architect
THE “MODERN” ERA
The impact of industrial revolution
Development of scientific thought
àresulting social changes in the modernism era
Modernity à18thand 19thcentury
SOCIALLY
Way we thought about life: work, recreation, families, religious practice, communities, shopping
- Progress away from the burdens of tradition
- People were actually experiencing Modernity ànotice what was happening (significant)
MODERNISM
- Changes seen in almost all art forms
- Cultural output of the Modern Era
- Not movement, style
- Massive shift of how people behave
- Rejecting tradition
- Moving forward
- Embracing technologies
19th-20thCENTURY ART MOVEMENTS
- Modernist artists and designers are often group under same goals
MODERNISM PROJECT
- Trying to make the world better by rejecting tradition àpeople can get in together
PRE-MODERNISM
Pre-impressionism àfocus on lights and shadows
POST-IMPRESSIONISM
- Brush strokes
- Suggestions shapes
CUBISM(PICASSO)
- More shapes, forms
- Distortion, new forms
- Wider context (prostitutes)
àinvented collage
à1stusing multimedia
FUTURISM *FOCUSES IN PROCESS*
- Embrace industrial city life, wars
àaggressive of wars
àanxiety
The stresses of warfare, noise…
- Aggressive
- Intense
FUTURISM- EXPERIMENTAL TYPE
- Poets, designers, artists
- heavy industrial book binding
ARCHITECTURAL VISIONS
- cannot make them physical
àunified
àall built by one person
àjoining everything together
PRE-MODERN COMMERCIAL ART
- colourful decorative
- clarity, functionality, readability
GRAPHIC DESIGN FROM THE BAUHAUS ßArts school (Germany)
- early modern graphic design
- big block typefaces
- lots of white space
- photographic
- experimental à trying to be different, progressive
“HIGH”3 MODERNISM
- modernism cause was clear (after WWs)
àchange renew, progress
àmoved away from central Europe
àdevelopment across Western world
àspread of ideas
- rebuilding economy
- loses experimentation
*rationality, functionality, universality
- established principle themselves
àwhat and how and why graphic design should be…
PRE-MODERNISM ARCHITECTURE
- sustain ideas of culture
àwhat it should be, look like and should do
e.g. Gothic- Wells Cathedral
- representation of society and people…
MODERNIST ARCHITECTURE
- aspects, lines, geometric
- skyscrapers
- only technology can produce àglass, concrete, central heating…
BRUTALISMàreflects cultural ideas
MODERN ART
àmoving towards abstraction
ànew subject matter
ànew ways of representation
àexperimentation
àprogressiveness
àexpression
àrejection of traditional approaches
MODERN DESIGN
- functionality
- adoption of rules and principle
- embracing new ideas
- embracing technology
- universality
- rationality
- ‘ornament is crime’
- Rejection of traditions
POST MODERNITY (questioning)
- Typography àcreate spirit, not about order
- Revitalization of time square = rethinking
- X hierarchal structure
- Minimalist idea
- X absolute in art
- Industrialization became commercialism
- Consumerism and the commodification of lifestyle
- Decolonization
- Globalization
- Mass communication
- Wide spread of capitalism
- Liberalism bleeds out into social life àrise of individual
- Mass communication
- Easy and efficient travel
- Eclecticism/ pluralism/ multiculturalism
- The digital age àdisplaced àindustrialization àChina (cheaper production)
- Distribution of cultural ideas àput different cultures together
POSTMODERNISM
= cynicism towards modernity
- Self- criticality
- Question belief systems
- Constant self-awareness
CONCEPTUAL ART
- Before (traditional sculpture, painting materials)
- Now
àidea of work of art
àthe concept behind
àemphasizing the concept
- Ready-made objects àpresent as piece of art
POSTMODERNISM GRAPHIC DESIGN
= function!!!
àhas to communicate, say what it says
What is function? Legibility?
- Only written words?
- Sensibility of words?
- Emotion in words?
Have own style as single person, individual
POSTMODERNISM ARCHITECTURE
- question how a building should look like
e.g. Revco Piano (inside out building)
e.g. Frank Gehry
àbuildings of different shapes, forms
àarchitectural mess
àimpossible to create building like that in Modernism
àincorporate with digital methods
*Anything Goes – Lyotard, cited in Malpas, 2005
Borrow ideas from the history
= random cannibalization of all the styles in the past(postmodern) – Fredric Jameson
HISTORICITY
- different components from different countries àsmashed into one
e.g. Las Vegas
e.g. Jonathan Barnbrook = idea of using history within your work
CULTURAL APPRECIATION OR APPROPRIATION
- embrace world culture
*fashion industry*
- mindless appropriation of objects
- embrace people as well as objects and religions
àmulticulturalism
- depends on whos interpreted (about the reader)
Beforeàfollowing blindly, author says what= what
*Audiences*
HYPEREALITY
- emergence of mass media
àonce represented real things
àimages everything ànot based on real life/ objects
- images referring to other images
- images produce meanings rather than represent them
SUMMARY
Modernism includes the reforming developments in architecture, art, music, literature, and applied techniques. It paid a lot of significance to original works, such as paintings, sculpture, architecture, and poetry. Modern artist did not look back to the traditional ideas but looked into the future. Everyone was free to express themselves, and equality was given utmost importance. The works from that period expressed futuristic and abstract designs.
Images were usually symmetrical, structured and simplified. Typefaces were simple and basic such as sans serif fonts.
SUMMARY
Modernism includes the reforming developments in architecture, art, music, literature, and applied techniques. It paid a lot of significance to original works, such as paintings, sculpture, architecture, and poetry. Modern artist did not look back to the traditional ideas but looked into the future. Everyone was free to express themselves, and equality was given utmost importance. The works from that period expressed futuristic and abstract designs.
Images were usually symmetrical, structured and simplified. Typefaces were simple and basic such as sans serif fonts.
Take this image as an example, the typography used is well-structured and is clearly legible. This shows that the designers would like to clearly deliver the message and idea behind to the audience by using strong typography and visual elements. The images used in both images can also deliver the idea of being urgent like how the words say " I WANT YOU". Both of the designs have wisely made used of typography and images to deliver and communicate ideas.
Post-Modernism was more chaotic and stylised, often with no meaning behind a design. Post-Modernist designs were all about style, creativity and how something looks. Technical aspects also were different, postmodern design included collages, photos, and also hand drawn images.
The above image is a significant design that shows the ideology of post-modernism. The drawings and illustrations used in the design are abstract and are hard to get. They give people a feeling of randomness and that the designs are only for decoration with no real meaning behind each element. This directly reflects the idea of post-modernism of having no meanings in the usage of visual elements.
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